Which language concept allows learners to transfer knowledge from one language to another?

The concept of Common Underlying Language Proficiency (CULP) is foundational in understanding how learners can transfer knowledge and skills between languages. This theory, proposed by Jim Cummins, posits that there is an underlying proficiency that supports the development of cognitive and academic skills in any language. When learners acquire language skills in one language, those skills can help facilitate learning in another language due to the shared underlying cognitive processes.

CULP emphasizes that while surface features of languages may differ, the deeper cognitive skills—such as critical thinking, comprehension, and analysis—are transferable. This is particularly relevant for bilingual or multilingual learners, as strengths developed in one language can assist in the acquisition and use of another language. For instance, if a student is proficient in problem-solving in English, they can apply those same strategies when they encounter similar mathematical problems presented in Spanish.

This principle contrasts with other options, which focus on specific aspects of language proficiency. Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency refers to the language skills required for academic work but does not directly address the transfer of knowledge between languages. Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills focuses on conversational language use in social contexts, whereas Everyday Vernacular Usage refers to informal language patterns and expressions, again lacking the emphasis on cognitive transfer. Together, they